Example of Data from all Steps.

Fundamental Excel Skills

If you and your group have any questions or get stuck as you work through this in-class exercise, please ask the instructor for assistance. Have fun!

  1. Open Excel, and open a Blank workbook.
  2. Rows, columns, and cells defined:
    • Columns are vertical. Eg. Column C.
    • Rows are horizontal. Eg. Row 3.
    • Cells are the intersection between a column and a row. Eg. Cell E7 (see image).
      Representation of Cells and Rows.

    Example of Column A filled out.

    • Enter number 5 into cell A1 in your spreadsheet, and then press Enter on your keyboard.
    • Enter the following numbers in Column A below the number 5 you just entered: 6, 8, 3, 1, 9, 5, 4, 7, 5, 6. We will use this list of numbers for the rest of this exercise.
  3. Basics operation on cells:
    • Click on Cell C3, press the = sign, then use your mouse and click on A1, press the + sign, then click on Cell A2. Cell C3 should have the following in it: =A1+A2. Now press Enter on your keyboard, and Excel will add cells A1 and A2 together and display the number 11 in Cell C3.

    Demonstration of an addition operation.
    • Click on or Select Cell C5, and then type in =A3-A4 Now press Enter on your keyboard, and Excel will display 5 in Cell C5 (8-3=5).

    Demonstration of a substration operation.
    • Click on another cell and do the same thing to multiply two or more cells together using the * symbol to multiply.

    Demonstration of a multiplication operation.
    • Click on another cell and do the same thing to divide two or more cells using the / symbol to divide.

    Demonstration of the first bullet point of number 4.
  4. Copying & pasting into ranges with the default Relative Cell referencing:
    • In cell B1 type 5 and then press Enter. Click on B1, then select the green dot on the bottom right of the cell and drag it down to cell B11. You should now have a column of 5’s.

    Demonstration of the second bullet point of number 4.
    • In cell C1 enter: =A1*B1 and press Enter (please delete the data currently in column C). Click on C1, then select the green dot on the bottom right of the cell and drag it down to cell C11. You’ve just multiplied all the rows in column A and B and put the result in column C!

  5. Relative cell referencing is the default. Here is how you make an Absolute Cell Reference:

    Demonstration of changing cell C to =A1*B$1.
    • Delete the contents of columns B and C except for the first row (cells B1 and C1).
    • Double-click on cell C1, and then edit the formula to look like this: =A1*B$1. Press Enter.
    • Click on C1, select the green dot on the bottom right of the cell & drag it down to cell C11.
    • Read this short guide on cell referencing view this page. It will be useful when we work with functions such as VLOOKUP in Activity 3.

  6. OPTIONAL: The Text to Columns tool can come in handy when you want to split a table of text (like on a web page) into multiple cells. If you’d like more information on converting text to columns, view this video

  7. OPTIONAL: Sometimes you might want to visualize only sections of your data. You can do that using the filter button in Excel. If you’d like more details on filtering data in a range, view this video

  8. OPTIONAL: Data Cleaning using Find, Replace & Pivot Tables:
    • Cleaning your data is an important process to make sure your dataset is correct before you start your analysis. At this stage, there are often common mistakes that you want to check for, and you can use the Find & Replace tool for that. If you’d like more details on finding or replacing data, view this video
    • Sorting a column of data and then looking down it for misspellings can also help you detect mistakes. Here’s a quick explanation on how to sort data. Attention, when sorting, you want to make sure that Excel is taking into account all your data together, and not just sorting one column while leaving the others as they were, this might mix up your data. To avoid this, check these instructions
    • For very large data sets, you can create a Pivot table - using the “group by” function - which can help you quickly identify misspelled words. We will cover Pivot Tables in the intermediate section of this workshop.
    • For larger and more complex datasets, OpenRefine is a more powerful tool than Excel for cleaning data: OpenRefine is a free, open-source tool.
  9. Data Validation:
  • One of the easiest ways to validate data is to use an input form with radio boxes or drop-down menus as you see in all online survey tools. Google Sheets has an excellent Forms tool that can be used to collect data you enter yourself or survey data from research participants. Google Forms, puts the data into Google Sheets, which can then be either analyzed in Google Sheets or exported to MS Excel. Here is more information about Google Forms
  • If you’d like more information on data collections forms and validation in Excel, view please follow along with this video

NEXT STEP: Intro to Functions